Laboratory for Fluid Physics

GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences

last updated: July 20, 2023

About the Laboratory

Laboratory for Fluid Physics

GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences

@ Section 4.8 Geoenergy

This Laboratory is part of:

Networks: Geo.X

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Description

In the laboratory for fluid physics, various devices are used to determine the properties of geothermal fluids: density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, sonic velocity.

Instruments

Sensors that measure the electrical conductance per unit distance in an electrolytic or aqueous solution.
Conductivity Sensor
Conductometric Sensor
Density Meter
Densimeter
Thermal Conductivity Analyzer
Viscosimeter
Viscometer
Ultrasonic Transducer
FTIR SPECTROMETER - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer Traditional (dispersive) infrared techniques experience difficulties due to the '1 wavenumber at a time' nature of data acquisition. This leads to either a poor signal to noise ratio in a spectrum or a very long time needed to obtain a high quality spectrum. Both these situations cause problems with kinetic work. The first gives inherent large errors, the second prohibits in-situ work. These problems can be overcome using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) that is based on the interferometer originally designed by Michelson and a mathematical procedure developed by Fourier that converts response from the 'time' to the 'frequency' domain. In the Michelson interferometer a parallel, polychromatic beam of radiation from a source (A) is directed to a beam splitter (B), made from an infrared transparent material, such as KBr. The beam splitter reflects approximately half of the light to a mirror, known as the fixed mirror (C), which in turn reflects the light back to the beam splitter. The rest of the light passes through to a mirror, moving continuously, at a known velocity, back and forth along the direction of the incoming light and this is known as the moving mirror (D). Upon reflection from the moving mirror, radiation is then directed back to the beam splitter. At the beam splitter some of the light that has been reflected from the fixed mirror combines with light reflected from the moving mirror and is directed towards the sample. After passing through the sample (E) the radiation is focused onto the detector (F). The detectors are sufficiently fast to cope with time domain signal changes from the modulatio n in the interferometer. Additional information available at http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div842/Gp1/fts_intro.html (Source: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16.3 [...] )
FTIR Spectrometer - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer
Technique where the difference between heat flow rates into a sample and a reference material is measured (heat-flow DSC). Technique where the difference between the electrical powers into a sample and a reference material is measured (power compensation DSC). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609)
DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimeter

Analytical Methods

Sensors that measure the electrical conductance per unit distance in an electrolytic or aqueous solution.
Sensors that measure the electrical conductance per unit distance in an electrolytic or aqueous solution. (Source: NASA; UUID: b5d7c2cb-60c4-4dfe-bdc9-31e9fcc97dd0)
Electrical Conductivity Measurement
Earth Material Properties: Bulk Density: Overall density of an unconsolidated earth material. (Source: USGS; https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/term-simple.php?thcode=2&code=1714)
Density Measurement
Mass Density
Thermal Conductivity Measurement
Viscosimetry
FTIR SPECTROMETER - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer Traditional (dispersive) infrared techniques experience difficulties due to the '1 wavenumber at a time' nature of data acquisition. This leads to either a poor signal to noise ratio in a spectrum or a very long time needed to obtain a high quality spectrum. Both these situations cause problems with kinetic work. The first gives inherent large errors, the second prohibits in-situ work. These problems can be overcome using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) that is based on the interferometer originally designed by Michelson and a mathematical procedure developed by Fourier that converts response from the 'time' to the 'frequency' domain. In the Michelson interferometer a parallel, polychromatic beam of radiation from a source (A) is directed to a beam splitter (B), made from an infrared transparent material, such as KBr. The beam splitter reflects approximately half of the light to a mirror, known as the fixed mirror (C), which in turn reflects the light back to the beam splitter. The rest of the light passes through to a mirror, moving continuously, at a known velocity, back and forth along the direction of the incoming light and this is known as the moving mirror (D). Upon reflection from the moving mirror, radiation is then directed back to the beam splitter. At the beam splitter some of the light that has been reflected from the fixed mirror combines with light reflected from the moving mirror and is directed towards the sample. After passing through the sample (E) the radiation is focused onto the detector (F). The detectors are sufficiently fast to cope with time domain signal changes from the modulatio n in the interferometer. Additional information available at http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div842/Gp1/fts_intro.html
Infrared spectroscopy in which a Fourier-transform spectrometer is used to separate the transmitted radiation into its component wavenumbers. (Source: IUPAC; https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf (Source: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 16.3 [...] )
FTIR Spectroscopy - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Technique where the difference between heat flow rates into a sample and a reference material is measured (heat-flow DSC). Technique where the difference between the electrical powers into a sample and a reference material is measured (power compensation DSC). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609)
DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Heat-flow DSC, Power Compensation DSC

Laboratory Keywords

In addition to the instruments and analytical methods listed above, these keywords help to describe the work done in the laboratory. This may include the type of samples, standard materials, specific preparative or analytical methods and specific instrument characteristics.

MTPS
Modified Transient Plane Source Method
Thermophysical Properties

Disciplines

Geoscience > Geophysics > Petrophysics
Petrophysics

The Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam

Laboratory for Fluid Physics

GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences

About the Laboratory

Laboratory for Fluid Physics

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Description

Instruments

Analytical Methods

Laboratory Keywords

Disciplines

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